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Learn French __  Faire Causative , Direct / Indirect Discourse

Faire Causative

Faire + an infinitive is called the faire causative.  It translates to "have something done by someone or cause something to be done by someone," or "to cause someone to do something."

Je répare la voiture.  I'm fixing the car.
Je fais réparer la voiture.  I'm having the car fixed.
Il peint son appartement.  He's painting his apartment.
Il fait peindre son appartement.  He's having his apartment painted.
Le bébé mange.  The baby is eating.
Elle fait manger le bébé.  She's feeding the baby.

When replacing the object with a pronoun, the pronoun precedes faire.  And in past tenses, the past participle remains invariable.

Je la fais réparer.  I'm having it fixed.
Il leur a fait apprendre les verbes.  He had them learn the verbs.
Il les leur a fait apprendre.  He had them learn them.

Direct / Indirect Discourse

Direct discourse relates exactly what someone has said or written, using quotation marks and the original wording.  Indirect discourse relates indirectly, without quotation marks, what someone has said or written.  It works the same way in French as it does in English.

Direct Discourse Indirect Discourse
Main verb is present Il me dit: <<Je pars en vacances
et ma famille a loué une villa.>>
Il me dit qu'il part en vacances et
que sa famille a loué une villa.
Main verb in past Il m'a dit: <<Je pars en vacances
et ma famille a loué une villa.>>
Il m'a dit qu'il partait en vacances et
que sa famille avait loué une villa.

Note that if the main verb is in the present tense, no tense changes occur when using indirect discourse.  However, if the main verb is in a past tense, the following tense changes occur:

Present ---> Imperfect
Passé Composé --> Pluperfect

(The Imperfect and Pluperfect do not change.)

Remember to use que to introduce each dependent clause, and adjust personal pronouns and possessive adjectives.

In questions, the following (rather uncomplicated) changes occur:

1. Yes/no questions = si + declarative sentence
Je t'ai demandé si tu avais faim.

2. Où, quand, comment, etc. = interrogative word + declarative sentence
Il m'a demandé à quelle heure j'allais revenir.

3. Interrogative pronouns are a little trickier:

qui est-ce qui
qui est-ce que
qui Il m'a demandé qui était resté.
Elle m'a demandé qui j'avais vu.
qu'est-ce qui ce qui Ils m'ont demandé ce qui s'était passé.
qu'est-ce que ce que Elles m'ont demandé ce que j'avais dit.

 

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