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| Learn Italian __ Adjectives: Feminine & Plural , Position of sempre and anche , To Play , Object Pronouns |
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Adjectives: Feminine & Plural
Masculine to Feminine and Singular to Plural
| Masc. |
Fem. |
| -o |
-a |
| -e |
-e |
| Sing. |
Pl. |
| -o, -e |
-i |
| -a |
-e |
Some adjectives have two forms, others have four. Francese (french) has two: francese and francesi. Nuovo (new) has four: nuovo, nuova, nuovi, and nuove.
Position of sempre and anche
The adverb sempre (always) usually follows the verb. Anche (also, too) always precedes the noun, pronoun or infinitive to which it refers. When it precedes io, it becomes anch'.
Noi studiamo sempre. We always study.
Vuole anche questo libro. He wants that book, too.
Anch'io devo studiare. I have to study too.
Giocare-to play
| gioco |
joh-koh |
giochiamo |
joh-kee-ah-moh |
| giochi |
joh-kee |
giocate |
joh-kah-teh |
| gioca |
joh-kah |
giocano |
joh-kahn-oh |
Note: Most sports use giocare a (sport) to mean to play a sport. They play basketball would be Giocano a pallacanestro.
| Subject |
Direct |
Indirect |
Object of Prepositions |
| io |
I |
mi |
me |
mi |
to me |
me |
me |
| tu |
you (s.i.) |
ti |
you |
ti |
to you |
te |
you |
| lui |
he/it |
lo |
him/it |
gli |
to him/it |
lui |
him/it |
| lei |
she/it/you (s.p.) |
la |
her/it/you |
le |
to her/it/you |
lei |
her/it/you |
| noi |
we |
ci |
us |
ci |
to us |
noi |
us |
| voi |
you (p.i.) |
vi |
you |
vi |
to you |
voi |
you |
| loro |
they/you (p.p.) |
li/le |
them/you |
loro |
to them/you |
loro |
them/you |
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S.i. means singular informal, s.p. means singular polite, p.i. means plural informal, and p.p. means plural polite. For you (s.p.) and you (p.p.) they are capitalized to set them apart from the other meaning. (Lei instead of lei and Loro instead of loro.)
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Direct and Indirect pronouns go directly in front of the verb, except loro, which always follows the verb.
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With infinitives or participles, the pronoun (except loro) follows it and is written as one word. This also is true of commands, except for Lei or Loro.
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When you have more than one pronoun, the indirect comes before the direct.
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The i of mi, ti, ci, and vi changes to an e before lo, la, li and le.
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Gli and le become glie before lo, la, li, and le; and are written as one word connected with the other pronoun (glielo, gliela, glieli, gliele).
If you use lo, la, li, le; the past participle must agree with them.
| Hai mangiato il panino? |
Did you eat the bun? |
| Lo ho mangiato. |
I ate it. |
| Hai mangiato la pasta? |
Did you eat the pastry? |
| La ho mangiata. |
I ate it. |
In negative sentencs, pronouns go before the entire verb as well, but after the non.
| I haven't eaten it. |
Non lo ho mangiato. |
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