To form familiar commands, regular -ar verbs end in -a, and -er and -ir verbs end in -e for the tú form. Change the final -r to -d for the vosotros form. Negative familiar commands use the subjunctive forms, so -ar verbs end in -es and -éis, while -er and -ir verbs end in -as and -áis for the tú and vosotros forms.
|
Affirmative |
|
Negative |
|
-ar |
-er or -ir |
|
-ar |
-er or -ir |
| tú |
-a |
-e |
|
-es |
-as |
| vosotros |
-ad |
-ed |
|
-éis |
-áis |
Habla! = Speak! (tú form)
Comed! = Eat! (vosotros form)
No comáis! = Don't eat! (negative vosotros form)
Irregular Familiar Commands
|
tú |
vosotros |
decir
hacer
ir
irse
poner
salir
ser
tener
venir |
di
haz
ve
vete
pon
sal
sé
ten
ven |
decid
haced
id
idos
poned
salid
sed
tened
venid |
To form formal commands of verbs, drop the -o ending of the yo form, and add the opposite vowel ending. This means -ar verbs will add -e for the Usted form and -en for the Ustedes form; while -er and -ir verbs will add -a for Usted and -an for Ustedes. To make a command negative, just add no before it.
|
-ar |
-er or -ir |
| Usted |
-e |
-a |
| Ustedes |
-en |
-an |
Beba! = Drink! (Usted form)
Coman! = Eat (Ustedes form)
No beban! = Don't drink! (negative Ustedes form)
Ir and ser have irregular forms as formal commands: vaya and vayan for ir and sea and sean for ser.
Verbs that end in -car, -gar and -zar have the following changes in commands as well: c becomes qu, g becomes gu, and z becomes c.
